Ankle & Foot Ligamentous Instability (Sprains) Evidence: confirmed

Prone Anterior Drawer Test Special Test

Orthopedic Physical Examination & Clinical Assessment Guide

Prone Anterior Drawer Test Orthopedic Special Test

What is it used for?

  • Assessing the Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL).
  • Often considered more sensitive than the supine test because gravity helps relax the calf muscles.

How to Perform

  • Position: Patient lies on their stomach (prone) with feet hanging off the end of the table.
  • Stabilization: Press down on the back of the calf (lower leg) with one hand to stabilize it against the table.
  • Action: Cup the heel with the other hand and push it downward (anteriorly) towards the floor.

Interpretation of Results

  • Positive Test: Excessive anterior movement (dropping) of the foot compared to the uninjured side.
  • Note: A "dimple" (suction sign) may appear on the outer ankle.

Clinical Context & Limitations

The Prone Anterior Drawer Test should be considered as one component of a comprehensive musculoskeletal assessment. No single special test has perfect diagnostic accuracy; thus, clinical decision-making should integrate test results with patient-reported symptoms, mechanism of injury, functional impairment, and relevant imaging.

Clinicians should be aware of potential false-positive results in patients with pain sensitisation, muscle guarding, or poor relaxation. For the Ankle & Foot region, combining the Prone Anterior Drawer Test with complementary examination tests significantly improves overall diagnostic confidence.

References

  • Magee, D. J. (2021). Orthopedic Physical Assessment (7th ed.). Elsevier.