Knee
ACL & PCL
Evidence: confirmed
Lachman Test Special Test
Orthopedic Physical Examination & Clinical Assessment Guide
What is it used for?
- Assessing the integrity of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), specifically the posterolateral bundle.
- Considered the “Gold Standard” for acute ACL injury.
How to Perform
- Position: Patient lies supine. Knee flexed to 20-30°.
- Action: Stabilize the distal femur with one hand. Grasp the proximal tibia with the other.
- Force: Apply a quick anterior translation force to the tibia.
Interpretation of Results
- Positive Test: Excessive anterior translation (>3mm) compared to the uninjured side, or a “soft/mushy” end-feel (lack of a sudden stop).
Diagnostic Accuracy
- Sensitivity: 85%
- Specificity: 94%
References
- Magee, D. J. (2021). Orthopedic Physical Assessment.
- Miller, M. D. (2020). Miller's Review of Orthopaedics.