Shoulder
Instability
Evidence: confirmed
Apprehension and Relocation Test Special Test
Orthopedic Physical Examination & Clinical Assessment Guide
What is it used for?
- Diagnosing Anterior Instability.
How to Perform
- Apprehension: Supine, Abduct 90°, Externally Rotate. Look for fear/guarding.
- Relocation: Apply posterior force to humeral head. Look for relief.
Interpretation of Results
- Positive Test: Apprehension reduced by relocation force.
Diagnostic Accuracy
- Sensitivity: 68-88%
- Specificity: 50-100%
References
- Magee, D. J. (2021). Orthopedic Physical Assessment.